Avian+-+Turkey

=Avian - Turkey=

Pre-Small Intestine (Group 1 - Kim C)

 * Mouth**- used to take in food to be swallowed. They have no teeth and their jaw is covered by a beak.
 * Esophagus**- a tube that connects the mouth to the crop that allows food to swallowed. The turkey can regurgitate and vomit their food.
 * Crop**- stores feed for short time, softens, parent birds regulate for young (crop milk)
 * Proventriculus**- is the “true” stomach. The proventriculus secretes mucus, HCl and pepsinogen --which becomes what?? that come in from the esophagus.
 * Ventriculus/Gizzard**- disk shaped, muscular organ that crushes and grinds feed. Birds need gravel or grit. Feed is retained until particle size is decreased. The gizzard contains stones that grind the foodstuff up more easily.

Small Intestine (Group 1 - Courtney A)
The small intestine is made up of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum but in birds there's is not clear distinction between the jejunum and the ileum. Here, most of the digestive changes in food occur. A double membrane cover the intestine and connects it to a small region on the back. In order for food to enter into the small intestine it must pass through the pylorus which only allows for a small amount of food to pass through at a time. The small intestine is lined with villi and microvilli which gives it more surface area to allow for more absroption of nutrients. In each villi there is a capillary bed and a modified lymphatic capillary. The microvilli carry enzymes that help break down complex sugars into simple sugars and complete protein digestion. --Enzymes, zymogens, other digestive juices?

Large Intestine (Group 1 - Whitney B)
The large intestine comes after the 2 ceca in the avian family. The large intestine is shorter than the small intestine. The large intestine is used to re-absorb water material that is left. and microbes digest some feed, make VFAs and B-vitamins/K. Ceca are part of the LI.